列表
列表是最常用的数据类型之一,通过列表可以对数据实现最方便的存储、修改等操作
1.定义列表
fruits = ['apple','banana','orange']
2.通过下标访问列表中的元素,下标从0开始计数
>>> fruits[0]
'apple'
>>> fruits[2]
'orange'
>>> fruits[-1]
'orange'
>>> fruits[-2]
'banana'
3.切片
>>> fruits = ['apple','banana','orange','peal','grape']
>>> fruits[1:4] #取下标1到下标4之间的数,包括1但不包括4
['banana', 'orange', 'peal']
>>> fruits[1:-1] #取下标1至-1之间的数,不包括-1
['banana', 'orange', 'peal']
>>> fruits[0:3] #从头开始取,不包括3
['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
>>> fruits[:3] #和上句一样
['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
>>> fruits[3:] #从下标3到最后,到末尾只能这样取
['peal', 'grape']
>>> fruits[0::2] #从头开始,步长为2,即隔一个取一个
['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
>>> fruits[::2] #和上句一iy
['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
4.追加,append()
>>> fruits
['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape']
>>> fruits.append('newpeach')
>>> fruits
['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
5.插入元素,insert()
在下标1处插入一个西瓜(watermelon)
['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits.insert(1,'watermelon')
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
6.修改列表中的元素
将banana修改为樱桃cherry
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits[2]='cherry'
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'cherry', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
7.删除
pop()在默认删除最后一个元素后,会返回该元素
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'cherry', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> del fruits[2] #删除第二个元素
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits.remove('orange') #删除指定的元素
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits.pop() #删除最后一个元素
'newpeach'
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape']
8.扩展 extend()
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape']
>>> vegetable = ['radish','cabbage','cucumber']
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape']
>>> vegetable
['radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
>>> fruits.extend(vegetable)
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
9.拷贝 copy()
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
>>> fruits2 = fruits.copy()
>>> fruits2
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
10.统计 count()
>>> fruits.count('apple')
1
11.排序 sort() 和翻转 reverse()
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
>>> fruits.sort()
>>> fruits
['apple', 'cabbage', 'cucumber', 'grape', 'peal', 'radish', 'watermelon']
>>> fruits.reverse()
>>> fruits
['watermelon', 'radish', 'peal', 'grape', 'cucumber', 'cabbage', 'apple']
12.获取下标 index()
['watermelon', 'radish', 'peal', 'grape', 'cucumber', 'cabbage', 'apple']
>>> fruits.index('apple')
6
# 只返回找到的第一个下标
更多python基础--列表。